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Immuno-Histochemistry in Cancer Diagnosis: A Powerful Diagnostic Tool

 

Overview

When it comes to diagnosing cancer accurately, early and precise identification is crucial. Among the many advanced diagnostic tools available today, Immuno-Histochemistry (IHC) stands out as a powerful and essential technique, especially in cancer diagnosis. At AK Diagnostics, we use IHC to help oncologists and pathologists understand the type, origin, and behaviour of a tumour at the molecular level.

What is Immuno-Histochemistry (IHC)?

Immuno-Histochemistry is a laboratory method that uses antibodies to detect specific proteins (antigens) in tissue samples. These antibodies are tagged with special stains, allowing the target cells to be seen under a microscope.

Think of IHC as a “molecular fingerprinting” test — it identifies cancer cells by detecting specific markers unique to each type of cancer.

Why is IHC Important in Cancer Diagnosis?

Cancer is not a single disease. Tumours differ in cell types, aggressiveness, and treatment response. IHC helps in:

  • Identifying the origin of cancer, especially in cases of metastasis.
  • Classifying tumours more accurately (e.g., distinguishing between lymphoma and carcinoma).
  • Predicting tumour behaviour — whether it is aggressive or slow-growing.
  • Guiding treatment decisions, especially in hormone-dependent cancers (like breast or prostate cancer).
  • Detecting specific biomarkers that can respond to targeted therapies.

How Does IHC Work?

  1. Tissue Sample Collection — A small sample of tissue is taken during a biopsy or surgery.
  2. Fixation & Sectioning — The sample is preserved and sliced into thin sections.
  3. Application of Antibodies — Specific antibodies are applied that bind to cancer-related proteins.
  4. Staining & Microscopy — The sample is stained and examined under a microscope. The pattern and colour of staining help in diagnosis.

Examples of IHC in Cancer Diagnosis

  • Breast Cancer: IHC detects estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu proteins. These markers determine if the patient may benefit from hormonal therapy or targeted drugs.
  • Lung Cancer: Differentiating between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma.
  • Lymphoma: Helps in distinguishing Hodgkin’s from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma using CD markers.
  • Prostate Cancer: PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) staining is used to confirm diagnosis.

Benefits of IHC at AK Diagnostics

  • Advanced pathology lab with high-quality IHC testing.
  • Experienced pathologists for accurate interpretation.
  • Fast turnaround time for cancer reports.
  • Helps your doctor plan precise, personalised treatment.

Conclusion

Immuno-Histochemistry has revolutionised cancer diagnosis by offering deeper insight into tumour biology. At AK Diagnostics, we are committed to providing accurate and early cancer detection using modern techniques like IHC to support better treatment and outcomes.

If your doctor has recommended IHC testing, you can trust AK Diagnostics for reliable results and expert analysis.

Need IHC Testing?

Visit or call us to book your cancer diagnostic tests. Book now

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