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Thyroid Enlargement (Goiter): Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

 

Overview

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism, heart rate, and temperature. When the thyroid gland becomes abnormally large, the condition is known as thyroid enlargement or Goiter.

This blog explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid enlargement and how AK Diagnostics can help you with early detection and proper management.

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What is Thyroid Enlargement?

Thyroid enlargement (goitre) refers to the swelling of the thyroid gland. It can be diffuse (whole gland enlarged) or nodular (lumps or nodules present). Goiters may or may not affect the thyroid’s ability to produce hormones.

Causes of Thyroid Enlargement

There are several reasons why the thyroid may become enlarged:

  1. Iodine Deficiency — Most common cause globally.
  2. Autoimmune Diseases — Like Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
  3. Thyroid Nodules — Lumps or cysts inside the gland.
  4. Thyroid Cancer — Rare, but possible.
  5. Hormonal Changes — Especially during pregnancy or puberty.
  6. Inflammation (Thyroiditis) — Can cause swelling and tenderness.

Symptoms of Thyroid Enlargement

Some people with goiter may not have symptoms, but common signs include:

  • A visible swelling at the base of the neck
  • Difficulty in swallowing or breathing
  • Tightness in the throat
  • Hoarseness of voice
  • Coughing without other symptoms
  • Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (weight loss, fast heartbeat) or hypothyroidism (fatigue, weight gain)

Diagnosis at AK Diagnostics

At AK Diagnostics, we offer comprehensive thyroid evaluation through:

  1. Thyroid Function Tests (T3, T4, TSH)
  2. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) — For suspicious nodules
  3. Thyroid Antibody Tests — For autoimmune thyroid diseases

Early diagnosis helps avoid complications and guides proper treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause and severity:

  • Observation — For small, non-cancerous, symptom-free goitres
  • Medications — To balance thyroid hormone levels
  • Radioactive Iodine Therapy — Shrinks an overactive thyroid
  • Surgery (Thyroidectomy) — In case of a large goiter or suspected cancer
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When to Visit a Doctor?

Visit a doctor if you notice:

  • Persistent swelling in your neck
  • Trouble breathing or swallowing
  • Unexplained weight changes
  • Fatigue or mood changes

AK Diagnostics — Your Partner in Thyroid Health

At AK Diagnostics, our expert team ensures early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalised care. If you or your loved ones have symptoms of thyroid issues, book your test with us today. Book Now

Stay healthy, stay informed. AK Diagnostics — Accurate Diagnosis, Trusted Care.

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